More Of How The Water Guard Works

The two most common forms of scale consist mainly of:

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) exists in nature as limestone and marble. Silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃) and calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) are principal impurities in limestone and function as binders. Large deposits of magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃) exist in the nature with calcium carbonate in the form of dolomite (CaCO₃ - MgCO₃ ) or as magnesite (MgCO₃). Limestone layers were formed over millions of years from remains of sea creatures precipitated to the bottom of the ocean where the CaCO₃ contained in these remains combined with silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃), and/ or clay (SiO₂ - Al₂O₃ - 2 H₂O) which serve as binders. In addition, limestone usually includes some MgCO₃.

CaCO₃ is only very slightly soluble in water, yet large amounts of calcium become dissolved in water supplies by the action of rainwater on limestone. Rain water is some what acidic because as it falls through the atmosphere, it encounters carbon dioxide (CO₂) with which it reacts to form carbonic acid (H₂ CO₃ ) as follows.

When rain water contacts limestone in the earth, limestone material is dissolved and goes into solution as calcium bicarbonate as follows:

The carbonic acid ionizes slightly:

Since the ionization constant of HCO₃^- is very small,

The addition of H⁺ ions from the carbonic acid reduces the concentration of CO₃^2- (ions that go into solution in the water from the CaCO₃ solid) because the H⁺ ion and the CO₃^2- ion combine to form the slightly ionized bicarbonate ion, HCO₃^-. The reduction on the CO₃^2- ion in the solution causes more CaCO₃ to dissolve in the form of Ca²⁺ + 2 HCO₃^-in an attempt to saturate the solution and produce a product of the concentrations of Ca²⁺and CO₃^2- ions that equals the solubility product. ( [Ca²⁺] x [CO₃^2-] = K_sp = 1 x 10^-9 at 25ºC)

Surface waters also dissolve carbon dioxide from soils where it is produced by the slow oxidation and decay of organic materials . As these waters contact limestone, the limestone gradually dissolves. Examples of this action are limestone caves and hard waters from wells.

  The Ca²⁺ + 2 HCO₃^- that is dissolved in water very readily converts into CaCO₃ when water is heated to boiling. The solubility of CaCO₃ decreases with the increase in temperature and precipitates as CaCO₃ as follows:

This basic reaction forms the bulk of the "lime" in water heaters and boilers. This reaction also occurs when water-containing Ca (HCO₃)₂ evaporates and leaves a CaCO₃ residue. The above mentioned reactions also apply to magnesium and its bicarbonates and carbonates. For example:

However, MgCO₃ is appreciably more soluble than CaCO₃.

[Mg²⁺] x [CO₃^2-]=K_sp = 1 x 10^-5 at 25ºC

Scientists' and engineers' studies of scale formation in various industrial systems have determined that CaCO₃ and Mg CO₃ form most of the mass lime-type scale. However, the mass requires silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃) or calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) to act as a binder to hold the mass in place just as in nature.

  CaSO₄ exists in ionized form when dissolved in water as the ions Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2-. The solubility of CaSO₄ increases with temperature up to about 100ºF and then decreases with increasing temperature. Hence, precipitation of CaSO₄ also occurs in water heaters and boilers.

  SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ are not ions but are relatively neutral colloidal residues that are slightly soluble in water. SiO₂ is found in fresh water in a range of 1 - 100 mg/liter. At high concentrations (over 50 mg/liter), chemical precipitation appears to occur.

  Colloids, including SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and clay (SiO₂ - Al₂O₃ - 2 H₂O), when suspended in water usually carry a negative charge. If these negative charges (extra electrons removed), the colloids coagulate, precipitate, and combine with (i.e., become absorbed by) CaCO₃, Mg CO₃ and CaSO₄ to form typical lime scale. The denseness and hardness of the scale increases with increased concentrations of SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and/or CaSO₄.

Water in a solid state (e.g., ice), the molecules and ions therein are held in a relatively rigid pat-tern. But in a liquid state, this structure becomes a dynamic, whirling, chaotic dance in which groups of molecules and ions in the solution take turns whirling about one another, breaking their bonds, and finding new groups with which to partner. As the water rushes through the Water Guard, the pattern becomes more frenetic and electron orbits and associated bonding under go increased perturbation and stresses because the Water Guard's proprietary technology induces additional electrons into the water solution.

As the water passes through the Water Guard, the electrons being induced into the water solution displace some already captured by ions such as CO₃^2-, HCO^3-, SO₄^2- and OCI^- during the turbulent orbiting of the various electrons. This allows the "displaced" electrons to become "free electrons" in the solution. Ions or colloids such as Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ free themselves of CO₃^2-, SO₄^2- and HCO₃^- by capturing these "free electrons" . Once freed Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ assume their neutral atomic structures (Ca⁰ and Mg⁰) and break away from their ionic bonds while in solution or from lattice scale bonds in cases where they are in solid precipitated or scale form. The increased electron count in the water also inhibits the breakdown of the bicarbonate ion into H ⁺ and CO₃^2- when water is heated or when alkalinity reaches levels above pH 8.4.

By acquiring or reacquiring a negative charge, colloidal substances such as silica, alumina and rust particles remain in suspension instead of becoming absorbed into calcium, magnesium and iron ions. The acquisition of the negative charge also causes these colloidal substances to be repelled from these ions in the flowing water. This separation inhibits the hardness effects of these ions -- hardness in water is always due to the presence of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and/or Fe²⁺ ions.

The silica and alumina are also able to escape from scale lattices to which they have been absorbed and functioning as binders. Thus, the scale lattices are gradually broken down and eliminated by escaping Ca⁰ and Mg⁰ elements and negatively charged SiO₂(^-) and AI₂O₃(^-) colloids. 

The inhibiting effects of the Water Guard on scale formation can be summarized as follows:

If small or weak concentrations of the hydrogen ions are added to the water solution, carbonate ions are removed by the formation of bicarbonate ions.

The Ca(OH) ⁺ formed in equation (14) will probably bond with an electronegative ion or radical or with a colloid with a negative charge, but will more than likely remain in solution instead of forming part of a precipitate. The Ca(OH)₂ formed in equation (14) tends to precipitate but its solubility is approximately 40 times greater than CaCO₃. Because of the relatively slow rates at which the Ca⁰ and Ca⁽⁺⁾ is formed, and proportionally slow rates at which Ca(OH)₂ are formed, it is unlikely the concentration of Ca(OH)₂ in water heaters and boilers (including cold water circuits) will reach levels where precipitation will occur.

  The solubility of Ca(OH)₂ at 100ºC is 0.77 gram per liter; for CaCO₃ , it is 0.0190 gram per liter at 75ºC. At 25ºC, the solubility of Ca(OH)₂ is 1.85 gram per liter; for CaCO₃ , it is 0.0153 gram per liter at 25ºC.

  Conditioned water that dries on surfaces exposed to the air will leave water spots due to the minerals in the water (just as soft water conditioners will leave sodium spots), but these spots are easily removed with a damp cloth and do not leave hard water stains. This is due to the neutralization of the scale binders and the calcium and magnesium (see equation (5)).

An important benefit of adding electrons to the water solution is the reduction of hydrogen bonding between H₂O molecules. H₂O molecules link up to each other because of the dipole nature of the H₂O molecules. The additional negative charges in the solution reduce the bonding of the oxygen atoms of H₂O molecules and hydrogen atoms of other H₂O molecules (i.e., hydrogen atoms other than those in their own molecules) by supplying the negative charges (electrons) that the oxygen atoms attract. Therefore, there is less hydrogen bonding between the individual H₂O molecules. This action is sometimes referred to as the reduction in "surface tension".

This reduction in "surface tension" means "wetter water". Wetter water means better cleaning water and better soil-leaching water. The breaking up of the H₂O groupings into smaller groupings enables soap and detergent to break up into smaller groupings and interface with smaller H₂O groupings. Since, surface area increases exponentially with decreases in the size of the groupings there is greater surface area that meets dirt and contaminants in wash water. Consequently, soaps, detergents and shampoos become more efficient and considerably less amounts are required.

The wetter water also penetrates soil better and faster. Further, the wetter water along with the scale-dissolving abilities of Water Guard treated water results in effective breaking down and leaching away of the salts incrusted on the soil surface and in subsurface of the soil. Excessive salinity on and around the plant roots cause tip burn on the leaves of plants and trees. Because wetter water covers a larger surface area, such as the surface area of a plant leaf, irrigation water usage is reduced.

Rust is a type of corrosion involving the special case of iron Rust requires three electrochemical steps:

Non-chemical descaling was first observed by a Scottish physicist in 1894. One day he noticed that a laboratory plumbing line, originally very lime scaled, was suddenly scale free. He questioned everyone about who did what, when, and where. An assistant had placed a magnet next to the plumbing line a few weeks earlier. After some experiments, the physicist came to believe that magnetic fields were somehow involved in descaling. This discovery started developments spanning the next hundred years, covering permanent magnet systems and arrays, unmodulated AC electromagnetic field technologies created by the Russians and their allies, and dissimilar metal ionic field effect techniques from central European research labs.

These early attempts at non-chemical descaling, 40 odd different patents in all, could, under very specific operating circumstances, produce some descaling. But, no one could really explain how their equipment produced the effects. So, there was an opportunity for exaggeration, and many companies made many wild claims, mostly untrue. Now, there is a US Department of Energy report, # DE86-014306 "Applied Fields for Energy Conservation, Water Treatment, and Industrial Applications" available from the US government National Technical Information Service at 1-800-553-6847. In this 1986 study USDOE scientists mention the puzzling variability of results that they obtained. Sometimes magnets and electromagnets seemed to work, to descale, and sometimes they didn't work at all. All of this history leads to here now.

The exciting new Water Guard   developments leapfrog old understandings. We are proud to offer safe, reliable, and effective full time electronic descaling enabled by proprietary multiple modulation low energy field techniques. Because the descaling happens by changing calcite, or lime scale, into the aragonite crystal form of calcium carbonate we also get functionally softened water. This is water

that acts soft, feels soft, and some say tastes soft. All of this is without any chemical adulteration of the water. Plants, animals and people can safely drink the water, while soaps bubble vigorously, clean better, and normal cleanup is lots, lots, easier. In addition to doing all of this, our Water Guard   also contributes to reduced energy consumption and reduced air pollution by descaling your water heater, the single biggest "hidden" energy waster in the typical US home.

It's interesting to note here that outside of classified military research there has been very little published material about applied electromagnetics. To achieve effects similar, but not of the same magnitude, as our proprietary multiple field modulation techniques a whole series of permanent magnets or unmodulated field electromagnets would need to be placed at variable length increments along a pipe. This approach will produce a maximum of 65% calcite-to-aragonite conversion if, and only if, the flow velocity is twenty feet per second through the magnetic field, and the field flux density is on the order of 2000 Gauss magnitude for a ¾" ID pipe. The Water Guard   technology can produce 100% calcite-to-aragonite conversion at flow velocities of as little as 6 inches/second through a 0.2 Gauss field.

Then there are the Russians, who have successfully employed high power AC field technologies to treat lime scale problems in their power plants for the last 30 years. Unlike the US, Russia does not have a significant chemical industry, so chemical water treatment is absolutely out of the question for them. Yet, they still have lime scaling. So, both permanent magnet and unmodulated AC electromagnetic field technologies were researched and then developed. These technologies are presently being employed throughout the former Soviet Union.

One of the Russian approaches uses technology requiring a radiated EM field strength of 12 Tesla. One Tesla equals 10,000 Gauss, meaning that the Russians use an EM field of 120,000 Gauss, whereas the Water Guard 2000 uses only 0.2 of a Gauss. Clearly the Water Guard   technology is far more efficient, and cannot impose any EM radiation hazards. These very high powered Russian devices are employed primarily by power generation plants because they can A.) afford the power costs, and B.) their workers are already familiar with the consequences of high level EM field exposures and so, know how to work safely around them.

Separately, the Russians employ various permanent magnet devices in other areas. Most of the Russian commercial marine fleet vessels are now equipped with magnets on their boiler feed water lines, and all Russian hospitals are required by state law to magnetically treat their potable water supplies.

The primary reason that the permanent magnet and unmodulated AC electromagnetic devices perform poorly here in the USA is that those technologies require a fluid velocity of 6 m/sec (20 feet/second) through the field in order to achieve their optimal results. Here in the USA all public water utilities adhere to the AWWA, American Water Works Association, guidelines for water supply line sizing practice. These guidelines call for limiting water velocities to a maximum of 10 feet/second in order to avoid various undesirable hydraulic and/or mechanical ramifications.

Most US residential water supply systems are sized to operate at less than a 10 feet/second flow rate, which is more than adequate for the typical residential application. In a practical real world sense this means that all permanent magnet devices cannot possibly provide adequate treatment because there is insufficient flow velocity for them to be effective.

The Water Guard   employs a bona fide advancement in the science of water treatment. Again, Water Guard   differs from all of the previous devices by using low power EM field modulation techniques. This permits treatment of the water regardless of flow velocity or volume. None of the earlier technologies could do this, and no other can do it now. Water Guard   offers guaranteed dissolved calcium carbonate neutralization that is independent of the fluid flow velocity. Again, our reference here is our minimum 6 inch/sec flow in a ¾" ID pipe, which is ¾ GPM.

The practical ramifications of Water Guard   water treatment extend far beyond mere softening. The descaling action has a huge cost reduction impact for commercial property operators. Just compare the costs for replumbing an older 20 story apartment building versus installing a Water Guard   system. Or, consider almost any industrial process water application, like machine and mold die cooling for injection molders, who spend lots of time and money dealing with the side effects of lime scale.

Then, there are the agribusiness applications for Water Guard   treatment. For starters do irrigation systems, especially drip emitter systems, suffer repeated lime scaling problems? Do dairy operators need to control "milkstone", calcium carbonate, accumulations in their stainless steel milking lines? The answer is of course. Conventional lime scale control measures require chemical cleaning, and in the case of the dairy operators it's a daily exercise, else the bacteria count for the milk quickly goes out of sight, thus reducing the milk quality and price. In both of these particular examples, employing Water Guard   treatment eliminates the problem without any ongoing chemical costs or environmental pollution side effects.

For plant growers, both nursery and outdoors, Water Guard treatment reduces the surface tension of the water meaning that the water acts "wetter", soaking into the growing medium more quickly,

Thereby carrying nutrients into the root zone more effectively than untreated water. As a consequence, less water may be used to achieve the same growth rates, or with the same water-nutrient application rates a greater plant growth volume will typically occur. Additionally, the treated water undergoes a typical pH drop of 0.2-0.3 allowing reduced fertilizer chemistry adjustments, and frequently a reduction in the amount of fertilizer needed.

There are also several abstracts of reports from Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel, which document greatly enhanced vegetable and fruit quality, improved appearances, higher sugar contents, yields that were increased by an average of 23%, an overall faster growth rate, and a reduction of the required fertilizer.

All of these documented effects were achieved with nothing more than appropriate magnetic treatment of the supply water versus otherwise identical control plots. The fruits and vegetables grown in these studies included: Lettuces, Cabbages, Cucumbers, Squashes, Tomatoes, Sweet Corns, and finally Muskmelons (cantaloupes).

Water Guard is a 12 VDC circuit. So, using one with a solar powered, off grid, home system is simple. The caveat is that as delivered the unit operates twenty four hours a day. For a solar powered application we recommend using a water line flow sensor installed in the piping downstream from the unit to avoid calcium scaling that will quickly render an inline sensor inoperative. The inline flow sensor will energize the Water Guard unit as a function of the actual water demand, conserving the meager power reserves normal in solar power applications.

A well water purification system that Effectively reduces an unheard of - Hydrogen Sulfide up to  40+ppm (the rotten egg smell) - Iron up to 35+ppm (the staining) - and --- Scale control (the white residue) up to 50+gpg Without the use of salts or other harmful chemicals - the only intervention is automatic backwashing of two multi - bedded filtration systems to remove and dispose of the non toxic sediments from the well.

This is the right product for you and your family!

The first set of 10'' x 50'' fiberglass tanks are specifically designed to catalytically reduce Hydrogen Sulfide to an insoluble sulfur precipitate in particle size of 0.1 to 1.0mm which are easily trapped And removed In the multi bedded filter which is backwashed daily. What is left is pure water with no smell but may contain iron. The second set of 10'' x 50'' fiberglass tanks are designed to remove iron and control scale by use of molecular Nanotechnology where atoms are placed in a special structure so that a template is created where the iron that is present is oxidized and the scale is left in suspension unable to deposit on surrounding surfaces the oxidized residue is easily trapped And removed In the multi - bedded filter which is backwashed daily. What is left is pure water with no detectable smell and no detectible iron.

The final extruded carbon cartridge filter is designed to polish the water so that only pure and clean water enters the house.

PLEASE NOTE: THERE ARE TOO MANY VARIABLES IN WELL WATER SO IT IS IMPORTANT THAT A WATER TEST BE PERFORMED AND THAT YOU CALL US BEFORE YOU PLACE THE ORDER - WE WILL NOT FILL ANY ORDER UNLESS WE SPEAK WITH YOU FIRST!